James Russell Lowell used the line 'All kin' o' smily roun' the lips' in his poem The Courtin’. The earliest known use of 'smiley' as an adjective for 'having a smile' or 'smiling' in print was in 1848. Terminology The smiley face of Sabritas named Willie, having a open mouth. They are loosely based on the ideograms designed in the 1960s and 70s, continuing with the yellow and black design. Since then, those Fahlman's designs have become digital pictograms, known as emoticons. This began with Scott Fahlman in the 1980s when he first theorized ASCII characters could be used to create faces and demonstrate emotion in text. Today, the smiley face has evolved from an ideogram into a template for communication and use in written language. Competing terms were used such as smiling face and happy face before consensus was reached on the term smiley, less often spelled 'smilie'. In October of 1971 Loufrani trademarked the name and his design in France while working as a journalist for France Soir. Today, The Smiley Company holds many rights to the smiley ideogram and has become one of the biggest licensing companies globally. More yellow-and-black designs appeared in the 1960s and '70s, including works by Franklin Loufrani and Harvey Ross Ball. A yellow and black design was used by New York-based radio station WMCA for its ' Good Guys' campaign in the early 1960s. More elaborate designs in the 1950s emerged, with noses, eyebrows, and outlines. The smiley began as two dots and a line to represent eyes and a mouth.

Since the 1950s it has become part of popular culture worldwide, used either as a standalone ideogram, or as a form of communication, such as emoticons. For other uses, see Smiley Face (disambiguation) and Happy face (disambiguation).Įxample of a smiley face An example of an emoticon smiley face (represented using a colon followed by a parenthesis) used in direct communication, as seen in this screenshot of an email.Ī smiley, sometimes referred to as a smiley face, is a basic ideogram that represents a smiling face. How can this not be the main agenda?” Tharoor told Reuters news agency.Several terms redirect here. “Everyone knows that Manipur has witnessed horrendous loss of lives in violence, sexual assault and displacement. Shashi Tharoor, a leader of the main opposition Congress party, said the government must invest time in answering questions about Manipur. The violence in Manipur began on May 3 after a court ordered the state government to consider extending special economic benefits and quotas in government jobs and education enjoyed by the tribal Kuki-Zo people – who are mainly Christian – to the majority Hindu Meitei population as well.

The government has offered a statement from Home Minister Amit Shah, saying internal security is his ministry’s responsibility. Opposition parties have, however, disrupted the monsoon session of parliament which began last week, to demand a detailed statement by Modi on Manipur in parliament, followed by a debate.Īs head of the government, he will have to respond to the no-confidence motion before it is put to vote.

Modi condemned the mass assault as “shameful” and promised tough action against the perpetrators. Modi had not commented in public about the violence until last week, when videos showing two women being paraded naked and assaulted by a mob in Manipur surfaced, sparking national outrage. The ethnic tensions in the small state of 3.2 million people are seen as a security and political failure by Modi’s government, which will face a national election by May 2024. The prime minister has to come to the parliament and make the statement. “The prime minister is not ready to make a statement. Kodikunnil Suresh, a Congress legislator, said Modi is ignoring the opposition’s longstanding demand of an appearance in parliament. are exercised with the sole objective of a long-duration discussion on an important issue and to compel the prime minister of India to come to parliament and respond to the issues raised by the people and the members,” he said, according to a statement shared by his party on Twitter. Raghav Chadha of the Aam Aadmi Party, one of the members of the opposition coalition, said: “In India’s parliamentary history, critical instruments of debate, dialogue and discussion within parliament are exercised… regardless of the outcome”.

Face outline